International Studies Library Which measures may a state undertake when its very existence is threatened? Can it suspend the democratic legal order, may it prohibit undemocratic political parties, can it withhold fundamental constitutional rights from those who intend to abuse them? Or, in case of an external threat, may the state use force in anticipatory self-defense? In addressing these issues, two...

International Studies Library Which measures may a state undertake when its very existence is threatened? Can it suspend the democratic legal order, may it prohibit undemocratic political parties, can it withhold fundamental constitutional rights from those who intend to abuse them? Or, in case of an external threat, may the state use force in anticipatory self-defense? In addressing these issues, two legal-philosophical doctrines play a crucial role, namely: the state of exception and militant democracy. Unlike other books, this book offers an interdisciplinary approach to both doctrines by a variety of international scholars. The state of exception and militant democracy are viewed from a legal-philosophical, legal-positivist and sociological perspective, thereby creating a broad perspective on how states actually deal and how they should deal with diverse threats to their (democratic) existence. TABLE OF CONTENTS Abbreviations Chapter I: Introduction: The State of Exception and Militant Democracy in a Time of Terror - Afshin Ellian and Gelijn Molier Chapter II: The State of Exception in a Time of Terror - Afshin Ellian Chapter III: Dutch Counterterrorism: An Exceptional Body of Legislation or Just an Inevitable Product of the Culture of Control? - Maartje van der Woude Chapter IV: Framing the Exception. Securitization in the Netherlands - Beatrice de Graaf and Renée Frissen Chapter V: On Emergency-Proof Human Rights and Emergency-Proof: Human Rights Procedures - Jan-Peter Loof Chapter VI: The State of Exception and Necessity under International Law - Gelijn Molier Chapter VII: The Foundations of Militant Democracy - Paul Cliteur and Bastiaan Rijpkema Chapter VIII: 'Militant Democracy' and State of Emergency in Germany - Markus Thiel Chapter IX: Democracy, Freedom of Speech and the Twin Challenges of the Exception - Quoc Loc Hong Bibliography Index About the Editors Afshin Ellian is professor of Social Cohesion, Citizenship and Multiculturalism at the Institute for the Interdisciplinary Study of the Law at Leiden University, has published extensively on terrorism and radical Islam. Gelijn Molier is a lecturer at the Leiden Law Faculty, Department of Philosophy of Law and Jurisprudence. His main field of research pertains to the law of peace and security, in particular questions relating to the legitimacy of the use of force in international relations.